Abstract:
This study aims to identify and visualize key concepts related to chatbot training through bibliometric analysis. The analysis of 549 sources from Scopus revealed a significant increase in publications from 2018, with a surge in 2023 likely driven by ChatGPT’s advent. We have identified four clusters of research areas. Those clusters are: (1) natural language processing; (2) application of natural language processing technologies in society; (3) application of machine learning for natural language processing; (4) chatbots in education and services. Central concepts were identified within each cluster. The results of our findings define natural language understanding, language modelling, controlled use of large language models in education, application of virtual assistants and diagnostic systems, and integration of chatbots into adaptive learning systems as the most prominent leading research directions. The same results offer implications for education, AI research, and organizational strategies for integrating conversational agents. Key concepts are possible to integrate into curriculum development and future research in natural language processing.
Description:
Big Bot Makes Small Talk: A research summary of Facebook’s Generative BST chatbot, May 2020. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/big-bot-makes-small-talk/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Bot Comic: How Google’s Meena chatbot developed a sense of humor, February 2020. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/bot-comic/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Chatbots Disagree on Covid-19: Medical chatbots offered conflicting Covid advice, April 2020. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/chatbots-disagree-on-covid-19/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Language Models, Extended: Large language models grew more reliable and less biased in 2022, December 2022. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/language-models-grew-more-reliable-and-less-biased-in-2022/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Chatbots for Productivity: Microsoft extends Copilot to 365 and Windows, September 2023. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/microsoft-extends-copilot-365-windows/. Accessed 13 May 2024
China Chases Chatbots: Chinese tech companies race to cash in on ChatGPT fever, March 2023. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/chinese-tech-companies-race-to-cash-in-on-chatgpt-fever/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Cost Containment for Generative AI: Microsoft’s quest to reduce the size and cost of language models, October 2023. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/microsofts-quest-to-reduce-the-size-and-cost-of-language-models/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Search War! Google and Microsoft both announce AI-Powered search, February 2023. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/google-and-microsoft-both-announce-ai-powered-search/. Accessed 13 May 2024
What We Know — and Don’t Know — About Foundation Models: A new Stanford index to assess the transparency of leading AI models, November 2023. https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/a-new-stanford-index-to-assess-the-transparency-of-leading-ai-models/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, The Netherlands: VOSviewer - Visualizing scientific landscapes (2024). https://www.vosviewer.com/. Accessed 13 May 2024
DeepLearning.AI: Search | The Batch | AI News & Insights, December 2023. https://www.deeplearning.ai/search/. Accessed 13 May 2024
Elsevier B.V.: Scopus - Document search | Signed in (2023). https://www.scopus.com/search/form.uri?display=basic#basic. Accessed 13 May 2024
Fadieieva, L.O.: Adaptive learning concept selection: a bibliometric review of scholarly literature from 2011 to 2019. Educ. Dimens. 9, 136–148 (2023). https://doi.org/10.31812/ed.643
Hamaniuk, V.A.: The potential of large language models in language education. Educ. Dimens. 5, 208–210 (2021). https://doi.org/10.31812/ed.650
Mintii, M.M.: Exploring the landscape of STEM education and personnel training: a comprehensive systematic review. Educ. Dimens. 9, 149–172 (2023). https://doi.org/10.31812/ed.583
Ndibalema, P.M.: The growth of cyberbullying among youth in higher learning institutions: a bibliometric analysis. Educ. Dimens. 10, 143–166 (2024). https://doi.org/10.55056/ed.700
OpenAI: Introducing ChatGPT, November 2022. https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt. Accessed 13 May 2024
Riabko, A.V., Vakaliuk, T.A.: Physics on autopilot: exploring the use of an AI assistant for independent problem-solving practice. Educ. Technol. Q. 2024(1), 56–75 (2024). https://doi.org/10.55056/etq.671
Shabelnyk, T.V., Krivenko, S.V., Rotanova, N.Y., Diachenko, O.F., Tymofieieva, I.B., Kiv, A.E.: Integration of chatbots into the system of professional training of Masters. In: CTE Workshop Proceedings, vol. 8, pp. 212–220, March 2021. https://doi.org/10.55056/cte.233
Van Eck, N.J., Waltman, L.: VOSviewer Manual. Universiteit Leiden (2023). https://www.vosviewer.com/documentation/Manual_VOSviewer_1.6.20.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2024